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A human torso with the large bowel depicted in blue and the appendix in red.
Why Do Humans Have an Appendix?
Long believed to be purely vestigial, this troublesome organ may play an important role in gut and immune function.
Why Do Humans Have an Appendix?
Why Do Humans Have an Appendix?

Long believed to be purely vestigial, this troublesome organ may play an important role in gut and immune function.

Long believed to be purely vestigial, this troublesome organ may play an important role in gut and immune function.

gut microbiome

A hand holding a pill against sunlight.
Vitamin D Acts via the Microbiome to Boost Cancer Immunity
Nicholas Miliaras, PhD | Jul 12, 2024 | 4 min read
An essential nutrient and the gut flora, thought to have separate but important roles in the immune response, join forces.
White and white and black mice in an overcrowded cage.
Viruses Keep Mice from Stressing Out
Shelby Bradford, PhD | May 9, 2024 | 3 min read
Gut viruses influence behavioral responses in mice and may be important players in the gut-brain axis.
A yellow-bellied marmot being held in the arms of a researcher while they collect a cheek swab from the marmot.
Exploring the Link between Sociality and the Marmot Gut Microbiome
Harita Sistu | 4 min read
The marmot social microbiome is unlike that of other mammals, adding a new perspective to wildlife conservation efforts.
Flagellated rod-shaped bacteria live on intestinal tissue.
Clostridia to the Rescue
Shelby Bradford, PhD | Mar 27, 2024 | 3 min read
Some commensal bacteria help shore up intestinal walls in mice, which can prevent food allergies.
Cartoon of the gut with different colored bacteria and a magnifying glass hovering over part of the gut.
Humans Rely on Gut Bacteria for an Enzyme that Prevents Jaundice
Kamal Nahas, PhD | Feb 16, 2024 | 5 min read
An absence of bilirubin-producing gut microbes may predispose individuals to some diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease.
Learn about the latest research on optimal vaccine-induced immune responses
Modulating the Immune Response to Vaccines
The Scientist | 1 min read
Researchers uncover innovative natural approaches to fine-tune immunity from vaccination.
Different types of finger food
Why Do Travelers Get Upset Stomachs?
Shelby Bradford, PhD | Feb 1, 2024 | 2 min read
Diet influences the microbiome. When new foods enter the mix, it gets complicated.
Fatty Feasts May Come at an Immune Cost
Shelby Bradford, PhD | Jan 25, 2024 | 4 min read
Dietary changes rapidly alter T cell metabolism, but the effects can be reversed.
How Gut Microbiomes Shape Anti-Tumor Immune Responses
How Gut Microbiomes Shape Anti-Tumor Immune Responses
The Scientist | 1 min read
In this webinar, Andrew Y. Koh will discuss the role of the gut microbiome in modulating cancer immunotherapy. 
Haydeh Payami is wearing a purple dress and an orange and pink scarf and standing in front of a whiteboard.
A Microbial Link to Parkinson’s Disease
Mariella Bodemeier Loayza Careaga, PhD | Dec 4, 2023 | 6 min read
Haydeh Payami helped uncover the genetic basis of Parkinson’s disease. Now, she hopes to find new ways to treat the disease by studying the gut microbiome.
Aerial view Mangrove forest and canal through the forest.
Garbage to Guts: The Slow-Churn of Plastic Waste
Iris Kulbatski, PhD | Jun 1, 2023 | 4 min read
The winding trail of environmental microplastics leads researchers to the human digestive ecosystem.
A person holding a section of his face and looking in to his brain through a magnifying glass stock illustration
Science Philosophy in a Flash - A Look at Aging Through Young Eyes 
Iris Kulbatski, PhD | 1 min read
Aimée Parker shares how her childlike curiosity and collaborative spirit motivate her scientific pursuits.
Two pink-colored, rod-shaped bacteria interacting with a blue-colored human cell
Gut Bacterium Linked to Depression in Premenopause
Alejandra Manjarrez, PhD | Mar 17, 2023 | 2 min read
The opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella aerogenes degrades estradiol and induces depressive-like behavior in mice, a study finds.
T regulatory cell in red sandwiching an antigen presenting cell in blue
Gut Bacteria Help T Cells Heal Muscle: Study
Natalia Mesa, PhD | Mar 14, 2023 | 4 min read
Regulatory T cells in the colon travel to muscles to promote wound healing in mice, raising questions about how antibiotics may impact injury recovery.
Arial view of a water canal winding through a forest and spilling into the ocean.
Garbage to Guts: The Slow-Churn of Plastic Waste
Iris Kulbatski, PhD | Mar 13, 2023 | 4 min read
The winding trail of environmental microplastics is leading researchers to the human digestive ecosystem.
Artist's rendering of rod-shaped bacteria
Gut Microbiomes Offer Insights into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Shafaq Zia | Feb 21, 2023 | 2 min read
Levels of health-promoting gut bacteria are linked with severity of fatigue symptoms, a study finds.
Pink neutrophils on a white background.
Mucus-Eating Gut Bacteria May Promote Fever After Cancer Treatment
Alejandra Manjarrez, PhD | Jan 5, 2023 | 3 min read
The expansion of mucus-degraders in the mouse gut—possibly due to poor nutrition—thins the colon’s mucus layer and may weaken defenses against blood-infecting microbes.
Matthieu Groussin sits with three other people on stools in front of a low table, on which there are several bowls of food. Another person stands above Groussin spooning something into a bowl.
Q&A: Gathering Diverse Microbiome Samples
Katherine Irving | Nov 3, 2022 | 8 min read
Cofounders of a microbiome biobank speak with The Scientist about their new partnership with nonprofit OpenBiome and how to ethically work with donors.
Illustration of green fluorescent bacterial cells.
Cocaine Use Creates Feedback Loop with Gut Bacteria: Mouse Study
Alejandra Manjarrez, PhD | Nov 1, 2022 | 3 min read
A jolt of norepinephrine in the mouse gut facilitates colonization by certain microbes, which in turn deplete glycine, enhancing cocaine-induced behaviors.
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